用于SiC超光滑表面加工的大气等离子体抛光系统设计

设计了一套基于射频电容耦合放电原理的大气等离子体抛光原型装置,电容耦合等离子体炬首次被应用到了抛光系统中。针对SiC反射镜的加工实验结果表明,系统工作正常,并可以实现亚纳米级的表面粗糙度。     

电液伺服泵的分数阶无抖振滑模控制

电液伺服泵（IEHSP）由于在结构上实现了伺服电机和液压泵共转子、共壳体高度融合,在体积、噪声和效率等方面具有明显优势,具有很好的应用前景。为了提高电液伺服泵的调速性能与抗扰能力,设计了一种新型分数阶滑模控制器（NFOSMC）。首先,由于分数阶微积分理论的引入,控制器为系统提供了更多的控制余度。然后,针对传统滑模控制中存在的抖振问题,通过设计使控制器中直接包含有切换项的分数阶积分项,利用其滤波特性可以有效滤除抖振,实现无抖振滑模控制。同时利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了控制器可以保证系统在存在内扰与外扰时能够在有限时间内收敛于平衡点,另外控制器中避免了含有高阶分数阶微分项,扩大了分数阶阶数的取值范围。为了进一步提高抗扰能力,设计了分数阶扰动观测器（FODOB）,对系统内扰和外扰实时观测并补偿,有效提高了控制器的响应速度和刚度。最后,分别与PI控制、整数阶滑模控制器（IOSMC）和传统分数阶滑模控制器（CFOSMC）进行了仿真分析比较,结果表明该控制器能够有效改善速度跟踪性能和增强抗扰能力,消抖效果显著。      

自适应飞机驾驶员最优控制模型研究及应用

针对驾驶员最优控制模型(OCM)无法反映飞行员在未知环境下渐进适应过程这一缺点,采用自适应状态估计理论对OCM进行改进,建立了基于自适应状态估计的驾驶员最优控制模型(MOCM-AE),给出了算法流程。通过对比飞行试验数据和未知扰动下的着舰应用,对模型进行了评估。通过人机闭环仿真进行了飞行试验再现,得到了人机闭环频域曲线。对比结果表明,与OCM相比MOCM-AE的频域特性曲线与试验更为吻合。在着舰应用中,引入低空紊流作为未知扰动进行着舰仿真,结果表明OCM强烈依赖于先验经验,而MOCM-AE无论是否具有先验经验,无论是否存在未知扰动,均能取得良好着舰效果。在未知扰动和舰尾流影响下,MOCM-AE比传统OCM着舰精度提高59%,着舰点分布范围缩小29%,这体现了飞行员对未知环境的适应能力。     

基于LADRC的无人机高精度定高控制

针对复杂气流扰动对无人机（UAV）航迹高度控制的影响,对存在复杂气流扰动下的定高控制策略、控制结构和控制器参数优化展开研究,实现高精度高度控制。基于线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）确定总体控制架构,设计扩张状态观测器（ESO）观测估计纵向高度通道和速度通道中存在的总扰动,在控制中引入扰动补偿,减小扰动对系统输出造成的影响。对UAV在飞行过程中存在的大气紊流扰动或离散突风等风干扰分析其功率谱密度,构造考虑风扰动对高度影响、时域响应特性和稳定裕度的综合目标函数,通过粒子群优化算法得到具有高精度、高抗干扰性能的控制器参数,优化中考虑风干扰的功率谱密度分布,减小了控制器参数设计的保守性。通过与常规比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器控制效果进行对比,说明基于线性自抗扰控制器的纵向高度控制的优异性能。      

Disturbance observer based model predictive control for accurate atmospheric entry of spacecraft

Facing the complex aerodynamic environment of Mars atmosphere, a composite atmospheric entry trajectory tracking strategy is investigated in this paper. External disturbances, initial states uncertainties and aerodynamic parameters uncertainties are the main problems. The composite strategy is designed to solve these problems and improve the accuracy of Mars atmospheric entry. This strategy includes a model predictive control for optimized trajectory tracking performance, as well as a disturbance observer based feedforward compensation for external disturbances and uncertainties attenuation. 500-run Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed composite control scheme achieves more precise Mars atmospheric entry (3.8?km parachute deployment point distribution error) than the baseline control scheme (8.4?km) and integral control scheme (5.8?km).     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼无人机离散时间容错控制

为了飞行控制方案便于在计算机上实现，针对具有外部干扰和执行器加性故障的四旋翼无人机（UAV）角度运动方程，给出一种基于干扰观测器的离散时间跟踪控制方案。通过设计离散时间干扰观测器抑制外部干扰和执行器故障的不利影响，并结合干扰观测器设计离散时间控制器。通过数值仿真验证了基于干扰观测器的离散时间容错控制方案的有效性。仿真结果表明，设计的离散控制器能够保证外部干扰和执行器故障综合作用下的四旋翼UAV系统跟踪控制性能。     

Effects of TADs on the F region of the mid-latitude ionosphere during an intense geomagnetic storm

Based on observations of two ionosondes at Wuhan and Kokubunji, this paper presents effects of TADs on the daytime mid-latitude ionosphere during the intense geomagnetic storm on March 31, 2001. During a positive ionospheric storm, the start of the enhancement of the foF2 (F2 peak plasma frequency) at Wuhan lags that at Kokubunji by 15 min, which corresponds to the time interval of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs’) propagation from Kokubunji to Wuhan. Associated with the uplifting of the hmF2 (height of F2 peak) caused by TADs, it is observed by the two ionosondes that the F1 cusp becomes better developed. Therefore, during a geomagnetic storm, TADs originating from the auroral oval may have a strong influence on the shape of the electron density profile in the F1 region ionosphere at middle latitudes. It is highly likely that TADs are responsible for the evolution of the F1 cusp.     

Modeling of ionospheric parameter variations in East Asia during the moderate geomagnetic disturbances

The results of modeling of ionospheric disturbances observed in the East Asian region during moderate storms are presented. The numerical model for ionosphere–plasmasphere coupling developed at the ISTP SB RAS is used to interpret the data of observations at ionospheric stations located in the longitudinal sector of 90–130°E at latitudes from auroral zone to equator. There is obtained a reasonable agreement between measurements and modeling results for winter and equinox. In the summer ionosphere, at the background of high ionization by the solar EUV radiation in the quiet geomagnetic period the meridional thermospheric wind strongly impacts the electron concentration in the middle and auroral ionosphere. The consistent calculations of the thermospheric wind permit to obtain the model results which are closer to summer observations. The actual information about the space-time variations of thermosphere and magnetosphere parameters should be taken into account during storms.     

Energetic Hydrogen and Oxygen Atoms Observed on the Nightside of Mars

We present measurements of energetic hydrogen and oxygen atoms (ENAs) on the nightside of Mars detected by the neutral particle detector (NPD) of ASPERA-3 on Mars Express. We focus on the observations for which the field-of-view of NPD was directed at the nightside of Mars or at the region around the limb, thus monitoring the flow of ENAs towards the nightside of the planet. We derive energy spectra and total fluxes, and have compiled maps of hydrogen ENA outflow. The hydrogen ENA intensities reach 10⁵ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹, but no oxygen ENA signals above the detection threshold of 10⁴ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ are observed. These intensities are considerably lower than most theoretical predictions. We explain the discrepancy as due to an overestimation of the charge-exchange processes in the models for which too high an exospheric density was assumed. Recent UV limb emission measurements (Galli et al., this issue) point to a hydrogen exobase density of 10¹⁰ m⁻³ and a very hot hydrogen component, whereas the models were based on a hydrogen exobase density of 10¹² m⁻³ and a temperature of 200 K predicted by Krasnopolsky and Gladstone (1996). Finally, we estimate the global atmospheric loss rate of hydrogen and oxygen due to the production of ENAs.     

边界层流动的非平行稳定性研究

采用极为有效的抛物化稳定性方程（PSE）方法研究边界民支的非平行稳定性。并利用抛物线坐标变换、有限远延拓边界条件、及流向和法向全差分的数值方法，对不同频率的二维Tollmien-Schichting波的非平行稳定尾进行了计算和分析，计算结果与Orr-Sommerfeld方程（OES）的解以及谱配置方法的PSE结果作了详细的比较，得到了满意的结果。